The most fundamental cause of decreased facial elasticity is the reduction of collagen and elastic fibers in the dermal layer of the skin. Collagen forms a supporting network for the skin; as you age, the function of fibroblasts that produce it declines, and the activity of degrading enzymes (MMPs) increases, leading to a decrease in total collagen.
Generally, collagen gradually decreases by about 1% per year starting in your 20s, and skin thickness itself tends to become thinner with age. When ultraviolet radiation (photoaging), glycation (cross-linking from sugars), smoking, and oxidative stress are added, collagen damage accelerates. Women, in particular, often experience a faster decline in elasticity around menopause.
In other words, loss of elasticity results from a combination of natural aging and lifestyle factors, so understanding the cause is the foundation for managing it and choosing treatments.




